Course Code

Title

Credits

USMB101

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY

2 Credits

(45 lectures )

Unit I

Introduction to Microbiology and prokaryotic cell structure and function.

1.1   Histrory and scope of Microbiology

1.2   Procaryotic cell membranes – plasma membranes and internal membrane systems

1.3   Cytoplasmic matrix – Inclusion bodies, ribosome.

1.4   Bacterial chromosome and plasmids – source of information

1.5   Cell Wall

1.6   Components external to cell wall – Capsule, Slime Layer, S Layer, Pili, Fimbriae, Flagella

1.7 Bacterial endospores and their formation.

15 Lectures

Unit II

Eukaryotic cell structure and function.

  2.1 Overview of  Eucaryotic cell structure and Function.

2.2  The cytoplasmic matrix, microfilaments, Intermediate  filaments and microtubules

2.3  Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

2.4  Lysosomes and Endocytosis

2.5 Eucaryotic ribosomes, Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

2.6  Nucleus, Nucleolus, Cell division, Mitosis and eiosis

2.7  External cell coverings

2.8  Comparision between Procaryotic and Eucaryotic cell

15 Lectures

Unit III

Microbial Nutrition, cultivation, isolation and preservation.

3.1  Nutritional requirements – Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur and growth factors.

3.2  Nutritional types of microorganisms

3.3  Nutrient uptake mechanisms

3.4  Types of Culture media with examples

3.5  Isolation of microorganisms and pure culture techniques.

3.6  Preservation of microorganisms

15 Lectures

Course Code

Title

Credits

USMB102

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

2 Credits

(45 lectures )

Unit I : Microscopy.

1.1   Concepts

1.2   Lenses & bending of light

1.3   The Light Microscope

a)    Bright Field Microscope

b)    Resolution of the Microscope

1.4   The Electron Microscope

a)     The Transmission Electron  Microscope

b)    The Scanning  Electron  Microscope

1.5   Newer Techniques in Microscopy

a)     Confocal Microscopy

b)    Scanning Tunncling  Microscope Eg. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope.

The Atomic Force  Microscope

15 Lectures

Unit II : Contrast Enhancement techniques.

2.1  The Dark Field Microscope

2.2  The Phase Contrast Microscope

2.3  The Differential Inerference Contrast Microscope

2.4  The Fluorescence Microscope

2.5  Staining of specimens

a)  Flaxation

b)  Dyes & simple staining

c)  Differential  staining

d)  Staining of specific structures

2.6  Specimen preparation in TEM Staining,Shadowing with metals, Freeze

      Etching

15 Lectures

Unit III : Control of Microorganisms.

3.1  Definitions of  frequently used terms

3.2  Pattern / Rate of Microbial Death

3.3  Conditions influencing the effectivencess of

       Antimicrobial Agents

3.4  Physical methods of Microbial Control

a) Heat : Moist & Dry     b) Low temperature

c) Filtration                     d) High pressure

e) Desiccation                 F)  Osmotic pressure      g)  Radiations

3.5  Chemical methods of Microbial Control

a)  Phenolics    b)  Biguanides- Chlorohexidine

c)  Alcohols     d)  Halogens

e)  Heavy Metals   f)  Quaternary ammonium compounds

g)  Surface active agents  h)  Aldehydes

i)  Sterilising gases     j)  Peroxygens     k)  Chemotherapeutic agents

3.6  Evaluation of effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent.

15 Lectures

Course Code

Title

Credits

USMBP1

PRACTICALS

2  Credits

SECTION – I

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY

Unit I : Safety in Laboratory

Assignment : Contribution of a Scientist in the field of Microbiology

Unit II : Procaryotic & Eucaryotic cell structures-

a)Monochrome Staining

b)Negative Staining

c)Staining of specific structures:Cell  wall, Capsule, Endospores,

    Metachromatic Granules, Lipids,Flagella, Spirocheates

d) Permanent slides of Algae & Protozoa

Unit III : Preparation of Culture Media

a)Liquid medium(Nutrient Broth)

b)Solid Media(Nutrient agar ,Sabourauds agar)

c)Preparation of slant ,butts & plates

         Inoculation techniques and Study of Growth

a)Inoculation of Liquid Medium

b)Inoculation of Solid Media(Slants, Butts and Plates)

c)Study of Colony Characteristics of Bacteria

d)Study of Motility (Hanging Drop Preparation) e)Use of   Differential, Selective and Enriched Media Superimposed Blood Agar, Determination of Optimum growth conditions

a) Temp.

b) Ph

SECTION - II

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Unit I : Care of Microscope

     Study of Compound Light /Phase Contrast/Binocular Microscope

     Study of Bright Field & Darkfield Microscopy

   Unit II : Differential Staining- Gram Staining

   Unit III : Physical Method of control of microorganisms:

a)   Heat: Autoclaving,Fractional   Sterilization,Dry heat

b)  Bacteria Proof Filteration(Demonstration of membrane filtration)

c)  Effect of UV rays

d)  Effect of Dessication

e)  Effeect of high osmotic pressure

        Chemical methods of control of microorganisms:

a)   Effect of Phenolics(Disc Method)

b)  Oligodynamic action

c)  Effect of Surfactant ( Tween 80)

d)  Dyes –Disc Method

e)  Chemotherapeutic agent

Course Code

Title

Credits

USMB201

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY.

2 Credits

(45 lectures )

Unit I

Microbial growth.

1.1  Definition of growth, Mathematical Expression, Growth curve

1.2  Measurement of growth

a)    Direct microscopic count – Breed’s Petroff – Hausser counting chamber, Hacmocytometer.

b)    Viable count – Spread plate and Pour plate technique

c)    Measurements of cell consituents.

d)    Turbidity measurements – Nephelometer and spectrophotometer  techniques

e)    Measurements of cell constituents

1.3 Synchronous growth, Continuous growth (Chemostat and Turbidostat)

1.4 Growth yeild

1.5 Influence of environmental factors on growth.

1.6 Microbial growth in natural environment.

1.7 Counting viable non-culturable organisms-Quorum sensing techniques.

15 Lectures

Unit II

     Study of Yeast, Molds, Algae and Protozoa.

2.1  Classification, Morphological characteristics, cultivation, reproduction and significance.

a)  Yeast and molds

b)  Algae

c)  Protozoa

15 Lectures

Unit III

     Study of viruses, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Actinomycetes and   

     Archaebacteria.

3.1  Viruses : Classification of viruses, General characteristics, Structure of T4 phage, viral Cultivation, inclusion bodies and their significance, Life cycle of coliphages, lytic  cycle and lysogeny.

3.2  Rickettsia : General characteristics, Diseases and vectors

3.3  Chlamydia : General  characteristics

3.4  Actinomycetes L General properties, cell wall type, whole cell sugar patterns. Characteristics as per new classification and significance.

3.5  Archaea : Characteristics of major archaeal groups.

15 Lectures

Course Code

Title

Credits

USMB202

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

2 Credits

(45 lectures)

Unit I: Microorganisms in air and soil.

1.1  Air Microbiology

      a)  Type & significance  of organisms

      b)  Techniques  of studying Air Microflora

1.2  Microorgnisms in Terrestrial Environments

      a)  Soil as an enviroment

      b)  Soils, Plants & Nutrients

      c) Diversity of soil microorganisms

      d) Formation of different soils

1.3  Biogeochmical cycling

       a) Carbon cycle  b) Nitrogen cycle    c) Phosphorous cycle  d)  Sulfar   cycle  e)  Iron cycle      f)  Manganese cycle       g)  Metal toxicity.

1.4  The Physical cycling

        a)  The Microenvionment & Niche        b)   Biofilms & Microbial mats

        c)  Microorganisms & Populations

1.5  Examination of Microbial Populations

a)  Examination  Technique

b)  Examination of community Structure

c)  Microbial activity & turnover

d)  Recovery or addition of individual microbes.

15 Lectures

Unit II:  Microorganisms in water and waste water.

2.1  Marine & fresh water environments

a)  Water as a microbial habitat

b)  Nutrient cycling

c)  Fresh Water environments, Glaciers & permanently frozen lakes

            Streams  & rivers, Lakes

d) Marine environments, Estuaries & Salts marshes

The Photic zone,     The Benthic zone

e) Water purification & Sanitary analysis

2.2  Waste water Microbiology

a)  Measurement of waste water quality

b)  Waste water treatment.

15 Lectures

Unit III:  Microbial Interactions.

3.1  Types of Microbial Interactions Mutulism, Cooperation, Commensalisms, Predation Parasitism, Amensalism, Competition

       3.2 Human Microbe Interactions

a) Normal flora of the human body : Skin, Nose & Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Respiratory tract, Eye, External ear, Mouth, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Genitourinary tract

          b) Relationship between microbiota & the   host

          c) Gnotobiotic animals

3.3 Microbial associations with vascular plants

          a) Phyllosphere                                          b) Rhizosphere & Rhizoplane

          c) Mycorrhizae

          d) Nitrogen fixation : Rhizobia, Actinorhizae, Stem Nodulating rhizobia

          e) Fungal & Bacterial endophytes

          f) Agrobacterium & other plant pathogens

15 Lectures

Course Code

Title

Credits

USMBP2

PRACTICALS

2  Credits

SECTION – I

FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY

Unit I : Measurement of Microbial Growth :

a)Haemocytometer

b)Opacity Tubes

c)Viable Count

d)Growth Curve of E. coli

Measurement of cell dimensions-Micrometry

Unit II : Cultivation of Yeast & Molds:

a)      Cultivation on Sabourauds agar

b)     Static & Shaker Cultures

c)     Fungal Wet mounts &

Study of Morphological Characteristics. Mucor, Rhizopus,Aspergillus, Penicillium,

   Unit III : Slide Culture technique ( Actinomycetes)

SECTION - II

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Unit I : Study of air Microflora and Determination of Sedimentation Rate

  Study of Soil Microflora (Bacteria, Yeast and Molds, Actinomycetes)

  Winogradsky Column-Demonstation of Sulphur Cycle

  Study of Azotobacter

  Study of Rhizobia

  Crowded Plate Technique

Unit II : Bacteriological Analysis of Water, Study of Raw Sewage

Unit III : Normal Flora of: a)Skin b)Intestine

Course

Learning Hours(h)

Lectures (L)

Credits

Theory

Practical

Theory

Practicals

I   (USMB101)

45 L = 36 h

-

2

-

I   (USMBP101)

-

45 L = 36 h

-

1

II  (USMB102)

45 L = 36 h

-

2

-

II (USMBP102)

-

45 L = 36 h

-

1

Total / Semester: 90 L = 72 h

4

2

Course

Learning Hours (h)

Lectures (L)

Credits

Theory

Practical

Theory

Practicals

I   (USMB 201)

45 L = 36 h

-

2

-

I   (USMBP 201)

-

45 L = 36 h

-

1

II  (USMB 202)

45 L = 36 h

-

2

-

II (USMBP 202)

-

45 L = 36 h

-

1

Total / Semester

90 L = 72 h

90 L = 72 h

4

2

Grand Total / Year

180 L = 144 h

180 L = 144 h

8

4

Sr No

Evaluation type

Marks

1

Two Assignments/Case study/Project 

20

2

One class Test (multiple choice questions objective)

10

3

Active participation in routine class instructional deliveries(case studies/ seminars//presentation)

05

4

Overall conduct as a responsible student, manners, skill in  articulation, leadership qualities demonstrated through organizing co-curricular activities, etc.

05

Sr No

Evaluation type

Marks

1

Two best practicals

10

2

Journal

05

3

Viva

05

External Practical Examination -Semester I

                                                  USMBP - 1

SECTION- I

Marks

Special Staining

5

Technique –I(Any-1)

Isolation on selective media, Preparation of slant/butt/plate, Broth transfer

10

Total

15

SECTION- II

Technique –II (Any-1)

Oligo- dynamic action, Dye Disc method, Chemotherapeutic  agent

10

Gram staining

5

Total

15

External Practical Examination- Semester II

USMBP - 2

SECTION- I

Marks

Technique –I

Viable count

10

Wet mount

5

Total

15

SECTION- II

Technique –II  (Any-1) OR Any two (10 Marks each)

Isolation of Azotobacter

Isolation of Rhizobium /Bacteroid staining

Study of soil microflora.

Crowded plate technique

Normal Flora

IMViC

Water analysis:

MPN,EMB Streaking & BGLB

Rate of sedimentation of air

15

Total

15