FYBSc
|
FYBSc |
|
|
F. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus for MICROBIOLOGY (2008-09 Onwards) GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR
THE SYLLABUS: 1. There
are two theory papers of 60 marks each 2. There
are 2 practicals based on theory papers of 40 marks each 3. Paper
1 contains 6 UNITS and Paper 2 contains 6 UNITS 4. Unit
1, 2 & 3 are to be covered in the FIRST TERM 5. Unit
4, 5 & 6 are to be covered in the SECOND TERM PAPER 1 -
FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY 90 lectures UNIT I- INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND
PROCARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
15 lectures 1.1 History and scope of Microbiology
2
lectures 1.2 Procaryotic cell membranes- Plasma membrane and
internal systems
2 lectures 1.3 Cytoplamic Matrix- Inclusion bodies,
ribosome.
2 lectures 1.4 Bacterial chromosome and plasmids- source of
information
2
lectures 1.5 Cell Wall
2
lectures 1.6 Components external to cell wall- Capsule,
slime layer S layer, pili, fimbriae,
and flagella.
3
lectures 1.7 Bacterial endospores and their
formation
2 lectures UNIT II- EUCARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
15 lectures 2.1 Overview of eukaryotic cell structure and
function
1 lecture 2.2 The cytoplasmic matrix, microfilaments,
intermediate filaments and microtubules
2 lectures 2.3 Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
1
lecture 2.4 Lysosomes and endocytosis
2 lectures 2.5 Eucaryotic ribosomes, mitochondria and
chloroplasts
2lectures 2.6 Nucleus, nucleolus, cell division, mitosis
and meiosis
4
lectures 2.7 External cell coverings
2
lectures 2.8 Comparison between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell
1 lecture UNIT III- MICROBIAL NUTRITION, CULTIVATION,
ISOLATION AND
PRESERVATION
15 lectures 3.1 Nutritional requirements- Carbon, Oxygen,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Sulphur and Growth
factors
2 lectures 3.2 Nutritional types of microorganisms
2
lectures 3.3 Nutrient uptake mechanisms
3 lectures 3.4 Types of culture media with examples
3 lectures 3.5 Isolation of microorganisms and pure culture
techniques
3 lectures 3.6 Preservation of microorganisms
2
lectures UNIT IV- MICROBIAL GROWTH
15 lectures 4.1 Definition of growth, Mathematical
expression, Growth curve
3 lectures 4.2 Measurement of Growth
6 lectures a)
Direct Microscopic count- Breed’s, Petroff-Hausser counting chamber,
Haemocytometer b)
Viable count- Spread plate and Pour plate technique c)
Measurement of cell mass d)
Turbidity measurements- Nephelometer and spectrophotometer techniques e)
Measurements of cell constituents. 4.3 Synchronous growth, Continuous growth
(chemostat and turbidostat)
2 lectures 4.4 Growth Yield
1 lecture 4.5 Influence of environmental factors on growth
1 lecture 4.6 Microbial growth in natural environment
1
lecture 4.7 Counting viable non-culturable
organisms-Quorum sensing techniques 1
lecture UNIT V- STUDY OF YEAST, MOLDS, ALGAE AND
PROTOZOANS. 15 lectures 5.1 Classification, Morphological
characteristics, Cultivation, Reproduction and
Significance a) Yeast
and Molds 7 lectures b) Algae 4
lectures c) Protozoans 4 lectures UNIT VI- STUDY OF VIRUSES, RICKETTSIA,
CHLAMYDIA, ACTINOMYCETES AND
ARCHAEBACTERIA
15 lectures 6.1 Viruses: Classification of viruses, General
characteristics, Structure of T4 phage, Viral cultivation, inclusion bodies and their
significance, life cycle of Coliphages, Lytic cycle and Lysogeny
6 lectures 6.2 Rickettsia: General characteristics,
Diseases and vectors
2
lectures 6.3 Chlamydia: General characteristics
1
lecture 6.4 Actinomycetes: General properties, cell wall
types, whole cell sugar patterns,
Characteristics as per new classification and significance 3
lectures 6.5 Archaea: Characteristics of major archaeal
groups
3 lectures
PAPER 2-
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
90 lectures UNIT I- MICROSCOPY
15 lectures 1.1 Concepts
1
lecture 1.2 Lens and bending of Light
2
lectures 1.3 The Light Microscope
6 lectures a)
Bright field microscope b)
Resolution of the microscope 1.4 The Electron Microscope
4 lectures a)
The Transmission Electron Microscope b)
The Scanning Electron Microscope 1.5 Newer Techniques in Microscopy
2
lectures a)
Confocal Microscopy b)
Scanning Probe Microscopy
eg: The Scanning Tunneling Microscope The Atomic Force Microscope UNIT II- CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES
15 lectures 2.1 The Dark Field Microscope
1 lecture 2.2 The Phase Contrast Microscope
1
lecture 2.3 The Differential Interference Contrast
Microscope
1 lecture 2.4 The Fluorescence Microscope
1 lecture 2.5 Staining of Specimens
8 lectures a)
Fixation b)
Dyes and simple staining c)
Differential staining d)
Staining specific structures 2.6 Specimen preparation in TEM
3
lectures
Staining, shadowing with metals, Freeze etching. UNIT III- CONTRAL OF MICROORGANISMS
15 lectures 3.1 Definitions of Frequently used terms
1
lecture 3.2 Pattern/Rate of Microbial Death
1
lecture 3.3 Conditions Influencing the effectiveness of
Antimicrobial agents 1
lecture 3.4 Physical Methods of Microbial Control
5
lectures a)
Heat: Moist and Dry b) Low temperature c)
Filtration
d)
High pressure e)
Desiccation
f)
Osmotic pressure g)
Radiations 3.5 Chemical methods of Microbial Control
5
lectures a)
Phenolics
b)
Biguanides-Chlorhexidine c)
Alcohols
d)
Halogens e)
Heavy Metals f)
Quaternary ammonium compounds g)
Surface active agents h) Aldehydes i)
Sterilizing gases j)Peroxygens k)
Chemotherapeutic agents 3.6 Evaluation of effectiveness of Antimicrobial
agent
1
lecture UNIT IV- MICROORGANISMS IN AIR AND SOIL
15 lectures 4.1 Air Microbiology
2 lectures a)
Types and Significance of organisms b)
Techniques of Studying Air Microflora 4.2 Microorganisms in Terrestrial Environments
4
lectures a)
Soil as an environment b)
Soils, plants and nutrients c)
Diversity of soil microorganisms d)
Formation of different soils 4.3 Biogeochemical cycling
5 lectures a)
Carbon cycle
b) Nitrogen cycle c) Phosphorus cycle d) Sulphur cycle e)
Iron cycle
f) Manganese cycle g)
Metal toxicity 4.4 The Physical Environment
2 lectures a)
The Microenvironment and Niche
b) Biofilms and Microbial mats c)
Microorganisms and ecosystems 4.5 Examination of Microbial Populations
2
lectures a)
Examination Techniques b)
Examination of community structure c)
Microbial activity and turnover d)
Recovery or Addition of individual microbes UNIT V- MICROORGANISMS IN WATER AND IN
WASTEWATER 15 lectures 5.1 Marine and Fresh water environments a)
Water as a microbial habitat b)
Nutrient cycling
1 lecture c)
Fresh water environments
2
lectures
Glaciers and permanently frozen lakes
Streams and rivers
Lakes d) Marine
environments 2
lectures Estuaries and Salts
marshes The Photic zone The Benthic zone e)
Water Purification and Sanitary Analysis
6 lectures 5.2 Waste water Microbiology
4 lectures
a) Measurement of waste water quality
b) Waste water Treatment UNIT VI- MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS
15 lectures 6.1 Types of Microbial Interactions
2
lectures
Mutualism, Cooperation, Commensalisms, Predation
Parasitism, Amensalism, Competition 6.2 Human Microbe Interactions
8 lectures a)
Normal Flora of the Human body:
Skin, Nose and
nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Respiratory tract, Eye, External ear, Mouth, Stomach, Small
Intestine, Large intestine, Genitourinary tract. b)
Relationship between microbiota and the host c)
Gnotobiotic animals 6.3 Microbial association with vascular plants
5 lectures a)
Phyllosphere b)
Rhizosphere and rhizoplane c)
Mycorrhizae d)
Nitrogen fixation: Rhizobia, Actinorhizae, Stem nodulating rhizobia e)
Fungal and bacterial endophytes f)
Agrobacterium and other plant pathogens.
----------x----------x----------x----------x----------x----------x----------
LIST OF BOOKS FOR PAPER 1 AND PAPER 2 1. Prescott, Harley, Klein-
Microbiology 5th and 6th International edition 2002 &
2006 MacGraw Hill. 2. Kathleen Park Talaro and
Arthur Talaro- Fondationsin Mcrobiology 4th International edition
2002, MacGraw Hill. 3. Michael.T.Madigan,
John.M.Martinto- Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th edition
international edition 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4. A.J.Salle- fundamental
Principles of Bacteriology. 5. Stanier, Ingraham et al,
General Microbiology- 4th and 5th edition 1987, Macmillan
education limited. *************** PRACTICAL 1 1. Safety
in laboratory 2. Procaryotic
and Eucaryotic cell structure a) Monochrome
Staining b) Negative
staining c) Differential
staining: Gram’s staining d) Staining
of specific structures of bacteria: Cell-wall, capsule, endospores, metachromatic
granules, lipid granules, flagella,
spirochaeta staining. e) Permanent
slides of Cyanobacteria ( Anabena, Nostoc, Rivularia, Oscillatoria) f) Permanent
slides of Protozoa ( Amoeba and Paramoecium) 3. Preparation
of culture medium: a) Liquid
medium (Nutrient broth) b) Solid
media (Nutrient agar, Sabouraud agar) c) Preparation
of slants, butts and plates 4. Inoculation
Techniques: a) Liquid medium b) Solid media (slants,
butts and plates) c) Study of Colony
Characteristics d) Study of Motility
(Hanging drop preparation) e) Use of differential,
selective and enriched media
(i)MacConkey’s
agar
(ii)Superimposed blood agar 5. Determination
of optimum growth conditions (Temperature, pH) 6. Cultivation
of yeasts and molds: a) Cultivation on Sabouraud
agar b) Static and Shaker
cultures c) Fungal wet mounts and
study of morphological characteristics (i)Mucor (ii)Rhizopus (iii)Aspergillus (iv)Penicillium d) Slide-Culture Technique 7. Measurement
of Microbial growth a) Microscopic cell count
(Haemocytometer) b) Preparation of opacity
tubes and determination of cell count. c) Viable count (Pour plate
and surface spread) d) Growth curve of E.coli and determination of generation
type (Grp.Expt) 8. Micrometry:
Measurements of cell dimensions (Yeast) 9. Assignment:
Contribution of a scientist in the field of Microbiology.
PRACTICAL 2 1. Compound
Microscope 2. Physical
methods of control of microorganisms: a) Heat: Autoclaving,
Fractional sterilization, Dry heat. b) Bacteria proof
filtration (Demonstration of Membrane filtration) c) Effect of U-V rays d) Effect of desiccation. e) Effect of high osmotic
pressure 3. Chemical
Methods of Control of microorganisms: a) Effect of phenolics
(Disc Method) b) Oligodynamic action c) Tween 80 d) Dyes (Disc Method) |
![[Under Construction]](undercon.gif){kind=small}
